Gambling is the wagering of something of value, often money, on a random event with the chance of winning a prize. It’s an activity that occurs in many places – from casinos to gas stations, church halls and sporting events.

For most people who gamble, the activity is harmless and enjoyable. But for a small subset of people, gambling becomes problematic and can cause significant distress and impairment in their lives. This group is sometimes referred to as problem or pathological gamblers, and the number of them is rising. The importance of evaluating patients for gambling disorders has become increasingly clear, and there is growing recognition of the role of general practice in screening for these problems.

A person with a gambling disorder may feel the need to gamble even when it causes them harm, and they often find themselves using their own money or that of family members and friends to fund their habit. They also might lie to family, friends and therapists about their gambling habits. People with a gambling disorder often experience feelings of helplessness, guilt and anxiety and might be at risk of depression or other mental health problems.

Despite the stigma and fear of admitting gambling problems, it is possible to get help. There are a number of organisations that provide support, assistance and counselling for those suffering from gambling problems, as well as their families and friends.

It’s important to seek help for a loved one who is showing signs of gambling problems as soon as possible, before their situation worsens. If you are worried about a friend or family member, ask them about their gambling habits and try to get more information from them. It’s also a good idea to contact your GP, who may refer you to specialist services.

Although a small proportion of people who take part in gambling develop a gambling disorder, research indicates that it is very common for these people to experience psychological distress and impairment as a result of their gambling behaviour. It is thought that some people are more vulnerable to developing a gambling disorder than others, including those who start gambling as teenagers or young adults. It is also possible that certain genetic and biological factors make some people more susceptible to thrill-seeking behaviours and impulsivity.

Some people turn to gambling to self-soothe unpleasant feelings or to relieve boredom. However, it’s important to recognise that there are healthier and safer ways of relieving these feelings, such as exercising, spending time with friends who don’t gamble, or learning relaxation techniques. It’s also worth trying to reduce the stress in your life, as this can make you more prone to gambling problems. It’s important to know the difference between a craving for excitement and a gambling addiction. The latter is a serious and treatable condition. You can learn more about it at the Royal College of Psychiatrists website.