Gambling is an activity in which people risk something of value (money or property) on an event whose outcome is determined at least partly by chance. It is a popular pastime, and there are many legal forms of gambling in the world, including casinos, lotteries, scratchcards and betting with friends. Some people become addicted to gambling, and problems can result in serious personal, family and financial consequences.
A gambler may experience a range of emotions during and after gambling, such as anxiety and feelings of helplessness. They may also be at risk for developing other mental health issues, such as depression, a bulimia or an eating disorder. Gambling addiction can also lead to a lack of motivation and poor time management, which can affect job performance and overall life satisfaction.
Across the globe, millions of people participate in some form of gambling, with the total amount of money legally wagered each year exceeding $10 trillion. It is a widespread activity that takes place in public settings, such as casinos and lotteries, or on private property, such as homes, workplaces and online. Depending on the cultural context, some gambling activities are legal, while others are illegal.
While most people who engage in gambling do so without a problem, a small percentage develop serious gambling disorders. These individuals are classified as pathological gamblers (PG). PG is a persistent, recurrent pattern of maladaptive gambling behavior that causes significant distress or impairment in multiple areas of life. It is estimated that 0.4-1.6% of Americans meet criteria for a PG diagnosis. Typically, the onset of PG begins in adolescence or young adulthood and persists into late adulthood. It is more common in men than in women, and it usually occurs in those with lower socioeconomic status.
Researchers are trying to better understand the risk factors that contribute to gambling addiction and how to prevent or treat it. They are investigating genetic, environmental and brain differences that influence how people process reward information and control their impulses. They are also looking at how people’s values, beliefs and social experiences can shape their views about gambling and what constitutes a problem.
Behavioral interventions are being developed and tested for their effectiveness in helping people with a gambling addiction. Among these are peer support groups, such as Gamblers Anonymous, which follows the principles of Alcoholics Anonymous. Other options include family therapy, marriage and career counseling and debt and credit counseling. In addition, there are several inpatient or residential treatment and rehab programs for those who cannot stop gambling despite all attempts to quit.
